The main purpose of this research project is to understand what individual factors contribute to the overall nature and quality of the early mother-infant relationship as a whole. This study has three main goals. The first is to explore concurrent and predictive relationships between demographic, family, maternal, and infant factors and the relational qualities of mother-infant communication across time. The second is to gain a better understanding of the overall stability and consistency of the early communication system and factors that support or disrupt the early parent-infant communicative system. The third is to better understand how the early parent-infant system influences the development of several overlapping developmental processes, including attachment formation, infant mental development, and infants’ early emotional and physiological regulation.